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#lava
3 posts3 participants0 posts today
Reclaiming the Land
Lava floods human-made infrastructure on Iceland’s Reykjanes peninsula in this aerial image from photographer Ael Kermarec. Protecting roads and buildings from lava flows is a formidable challenge, but it’s one that researchers are tackling. But the larger and faster the lava flow, the harder infrastructure is to protect. Sometimes our best efforts are simply overwhelmed by nature’s power. (Image credit: A. Kermarec/WNPA; via Colossal)
Icelandic fishing village evacuated as lava spews from volcanic eruption.
Iceland's famous Blue Lagoon spa also closed after the Sundhnúksgígar volcano started spouting lava on Tuesday and the village Grindavík was evacuated, apart from eight residents who refused to leave.
Le Monde · Icelandic fishing village evacuated as lava spews from volcanic eruption.
Le saviez-vous ? Le Piton de la Fournaise, à #LaRéunion, a autrefois présenté une activité de lac de lave, similaire à celle qui a lieu en ce moment à Hawaï et sur quelques rares autres volcans terrestres. Il existe plusieurs témoignages en ce sens aux XVIIIe et XIXe siècles, notamment celui de Bory de Saint-Vincent. Dans son récit « Voyage dans les quatre principales îles des mers d’Afrique », le naturaliste raconte le spectacle admiré lors de sa deuxième ascension du volcan en 1801 :
« La bouche du volcan présentait une vaste chaudière de plus de deux cents toises de diamètre, pleine, jusqu’au bord, de matières fondues, assez fluides pour former des vagues. Au centre et là où j’avais vu les gerbes du 6 brumaire, s’élevaient en dôme et retombaient sur eux-mêmes, des flots de laves liquides et en incandescence, tandis que toute la surface de la chaudière était un peu ternie par une couche de scories fort minces. Le jour cette couche paraissait noirâtre ; mais dans la nuit elle laissait percer une certaine lumière. Des fentes en zig-zag, pareilles aux carreaux de la foudre, très-multipliées, et à-peu-près disposées comme les rayons d’une circonférence, gerçaient la croûte scorieuse qui suivait une espèce de mouvement d’ondulation concentrique. »
Les vagues, les fentes en zig-zag dans la croûte, les ondulations… Sa description ne laisse aucune place au doute. La gravure qui l’accompagne est aussi éloquente, ici comparée au lac de lave du Nyiragongo, en République Démocratique du Congo.
Fagradalsfjall Volcanic Eruption Before Sunrise, Iceland
The Fagradalsfjall volcanic eruption, which began in March 2021, marked a significant geological event on the Reykjanes Peninsula in Iceland. This eruption was notable for its relatively gentle effusive activity, characterized by the emission of lava flows rather than explosive volcanic eruptions. The eruption site, located near the Fagradalsfjall mountain, attracted considerable attention from scientists and tourists alike due to its accessibility and the stunning visual displays of flowing lava.
The eruption was preceded by a series of earthquakes, signaling the movement of magma beneath the surface. This seismic activity is common in Iceland, which sits on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, a tectonic boundary where the North American and Eurasian plates are diverging. The eruption itself produced impressive lava fountains and created vast fields of basaltic lava, reshaping the landscape.
Over the course of several months, the eruption underwent various phases, with periods of intensified activity and quieter times.
#fagradalsfjall #iceland #volcano #volcaniceruption #eruption #lava #flow #red #river #sunrise
www.luigimorbidelli.com
@luigimorbidellilandscapephotos
The Fagradalsfjall volcanic eruption, which began in March 2021, marked a significant geological event on the Reykjanes Peninsula in Iceland. This eruption was notable for its relatively gentle effusive activity, characterized by the emission of lava flows rather than explosive volcanic eruptions. The eruption site, located near the Fagradalsfjall mountain, attracted considerable attention from scientists and tourists alike due to its accessibility and the stunning visual displays of flowing lava.
The eruption was preceded by a series of earthquakes, signaling the movement of magma beneath the surface. This seismic activity is common in Iceland, which sits on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, a tectonic boundary where the North American and Eurasian plates are diverging. The eruption itself produced impressive lava fountains and created vast fields of basaltic lava, reshaping the landscape.
Over the course of several months, the eruption underwent various phases, with periods of intensified activity and quieter times.
#fagradalsfjall #iceland #volcano #volcaniceruption #eruption #lava #flow #red #river #sunrise
www.luigimorbidelli.com
@luigimorbidellilandscapephotos
@geography
Tra #lava e ghiaccio, il risveglio dell’#Etna
#volcano#BorisBehncke #ingvvulcani
https://ingvvulcani.com/2025/03/05/tra-lava-e-ghiaccio-il-risveglio-delletna/
INGVvulcani · Tra lava e ghiaccio, il risveglio dell'Etna - INGVvulcaniA partire dall'8 febbraio 2025, l'Etna è in eruzione con attività effusiva e stromboliana alimentata da bocche situate a 3050 m s.l.m.
Volcanic eruption on the Reykjanes peninsula – Svartsengi, Reykjanes, #Iceland
Gold in the nature photojournalism category
Photograph: Ael Kermarec/World Nature Photography awards
#Lavalantula von 2015....#Lava spuckende #Spinnen in #LosAngeles...ein TV - #Film
Continued thread
Why does this all matter for #lava flow #modeling? Because most probably lava is non-Newtonian. This means that in our wish to determine how its viscosity depends on the chemical and physical properties of the melt, we're not looking for ONE functional relationship (the viscosity coefficient), but multiple ones: for example, assuming a Herschel–Bulkley model we'd need to find THREE such functional relationship: one for the yield strength, one for the exponent, and one for the coefficient. All of these measured on the actual lava flows across different volcanoes at different times and in completely uncontrolled conditions.
As you can see, not exactly the simplest of tasks.
And of course, if we don't have these functional relationship we can't actually model lava flows.
Or can we?
8/
Continued thread
So, I mentioned already that we cannot really model #lava flows. The main reasons for that is that we don't actually know how lava behaves, at least not in sufficient detail.
Of course, lava is a fluid, and a (very) viscous one at that, so we know that it follows the Navier–Stokes equations. We also know that its behavior is heavily dependent on temperature, so we know that we also need the heat equation, with both kinds of boundary conditions (conduction to ground, and radiation on the free surface).
And that's all we know. Seriously.
OK, not really, but everything else is extremely uncertain. When modeling a viscous fluid (like lava, or any other geophysical flow for the matter), the first thing you need to know is what the viscosity is. And for lava, we don't know. There's a lot of things we do know, but not enough.
For example, we know that the viscosity depends on temperature, chemical composition, degree of crystalization, amount and types of volatiles in the melt, and so on and so forth. But we don't exactly know the laws relating the viscosity to all of these chemical and physical properties.
2/
I'm going to take advantage of the current #eruption on Mt #Etna to discuss some of the challenges of #modelling #lava flows. Buckle up (or just silence me) because this is going to be a long thread.
First of all, why do we want to model lava flows? The answer most definitely isn't «because we can», since —as I'm going to explain momentarily— we actually cannot. Still having an idea about how lava flows and sets in place is a powerful tool for the assessment (and possibly mitigation) of the associated #hazard and #risk: if we can tell how lava flows, we can tell which areas are going to be reached by the lava, and hopefully also improve the design of tactical and strategic actions that can be taken to minimize the damage.
(Of course, whether or not those actions will then be taken is an entirely different matter, but that's mostly politics, not science.)
1/
#Iceland is a rugged and beautiful country. Its volcanic origin gives rise to #lava fields, geysers, #waterfalls , lava tubes, #hotpools and beautiful #scenery . Here is a detailed itinerary for the Golden Circle and a Reykjavik walking tour. https://backpackandsnorkel.com/Iceland/
I love hanging by the ocean on stormy or rainy days 
When the sky is full of dark & scary clouds and the waves go crazy and fill the air with salty sea spray, and the energy is so raw, rough, pure... Makes you feel refreshed, recharged, alive
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#hawaii #bigisland #ocean #sea #oceanlove #vitaminsea #waves #roughsea #highsurf #surf #water #raw_waters #storm #stormy #stormclouds #energy #pure #refreshing #lava #nature #hawaiistagram
When the sky is full of dark & scary clouds and the waves go crazy and fill the air with salty sea spray, and the energy is so raw, rough, pure... Makes you feel refreshed, recharged, alive
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.
.
#hawaii #bigisland #ocean #sea #oceanlove #vitaminsea #waves #roughsea #highsurf #surf #water #raw_waters #storm #stormy #stormclouds #energy #pure #refreshing #lava #nature #hawaiistagram
weapon of mascot destruction
eh they probably have some extra lives lying around
Pele’s Dance, 12x16 acrylic pour. First in the Pele series. #art #acrylicpour #fluidart #acrylicpainting #pele #volcano #lava #fire #hawaii
