"From mutual aid societies to independent fugitive communities and from farmer cooperatives to consumer co-ops, Professor Gordon Nemhard details how people work together in the face of racism and active sabotage to improve each others’ lives in tangible ways. Cooperation has proved a powerful tool against discrimination."

https://provender.org/a-short-history-of-black-co-operatives-in-america-african-american-cooperation-for-change/